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New techniques and technologies in agriculture paved the wave for change. The improvements achieved by 18th century road builders were breathtaking. In 1793 he has been appointed engineer and architect to the Shropshire Union canal, which is to link the Mersey with the Severn. Edmund Cartwright’s power loom, developed in the 1780s, allowed for the mass production of the cheap and light cloth that was desirable both in Britain and around the Empire. Constant power was now available to drive the dazzling array of industrial machinery in textiles and other industries, which were installed up and down the country. The development of the factory system was assisted by numerous technological developments at the end of the 18th century and further inventions in the 19th and 20th centuries. New ‘manufactories’ (an early word for 'factory') were the result of all these new technologies. By the late 1830s and early 1840s, British governments at both the local and the national level were forced into finding solutions for the poor environmental and moral conditions in which people lived. The weaving process was similarly improved by advances in technology. However, even in Europe the dates at which different countries industrialized differed because of the influence of localized circumstances. SPAIN, too, did not start to industrialize until this time. Such small-scale production was also a feature of most other industries, with different regions specialising in different products: metal production in the Midlands, for example, and coal mining in the North-East. The first Watt engines rolled out of the factory gates in 1776. By about 1900, there were approximately 150 large cities (of 100,000 of more people) in Europe whereas in 1800 there had been about 20 places of this size. With regards to developments in rail, Britain again took a leading role. Many children were sent there from workhouses or orphanages to work long hours in hot, dusty conditions, and were forced to crawl through narrow spaces between fast-moving machinery. Additionally, these places resisted industrial pressure and did not industrialize in the late 18th century. In other parts of the world, countries did not begin to industrialize until the 20th century. This makes it illegal for women of any age and for boys under thirteen to be employed underground.
The spinning of cotton into threads for weaving into cloth had traditionally taken place in the homes of textile workers. Early industry Early 18th century British industries were generally small scale and relatively unsophisticated.
Other industries flourished under the factory system. The 18th century saw the emergence of the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the great age of steam, canals and factories that changed the face of the British economy forever.
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