This article was most recently revised and updated by, Franz, Graf (count) Conrad von Hötzendorf, History Learning Site - The Battle of Caporetto, First World War - The Battle of Caporetto. More than 600,000 war-weary and demoralized Italian soldiers either deserted or surrendered. The Italian Army suffered major losses at Caporetto in terms of prisoners taken and equipment lost.

The weather, characterized by a heavy fog that made visibility difficult for the defense troops, facilitated the assault, but it was the infiltration tactic which allowed the Austro-Germans to conquer the Italian trenches. Erwin Rommel, who, as a junior officer, won the Pour le Mérite for his exploits in the battle, often bemoaned the demands placed upon his "poorly fed troops". Prior to the battle, in mid-October 1917, the new Italian government was formed, headed by Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952). The question of Allied cooperation on the Isonzo front was raised afresh without result, but Cadorna nevertheless, on August 17, initiated an 11th Battle of the Isonzo. The defeat alone was not the sole cause, but rather the breaking point for an accumulation of failures, as perceived by the Italian Prime Minister, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. In May 1917 Italian Gen. Luigi Cadorna launched his 10th Battle of the Isonzo, but an Austrian counterattack in the Carso sector had retaken part of the small gains made by the Italians. The Battle of Caporetto was fought October 24-November 19, 1917, during World War I. History Learning Site Copyright © 2000 - 2020. By 2 November, a German division had established a bridgehead on the Tagliamento. In January 1917, after the Ninth Battle of the Isonzo, the Italians requested support from British and French forces, but none could be spared. The fighting on the Italian front was often conducted in terrible conditions. At the same time Gen. Svetozar Boroević von Bojna’s two Austrian armies were to advance against the eastern end of the salient on the Bainsizza Plateau and along the stretch of lower ground near the Adriatic shore. Caporetto seriously damaged Italy but also purged the country, bringing about a change in military command and the formation of a new ministry, which reorganized the condition of the home front. The Battle of Caporetto, also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, remains the worst defeat suffered by the Italian army to date. [13] The Allied blockade of the German Empire, which the Kaiserliche Marine had been unable to break, was responsible for food shortages and widespread malnutrition in Germany and the Central Powers in general.

About this time, however, the rapid success of the attack caught up with them.

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