5.

I Although molders may prefer the pigment supplier to reformulate the pigments to reduce shrinkage, it may not be possible to cause all pigments to affect the resin shrinkage equally. 10.6.6.3. Address: chapter 10 COLORANTS: ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PIGMENTS Violets Technically blue shade reds, the two most important inorganic violet pigments are Pigment Violet 15, Ultramarine Violet {4}, prepared by the oxidation of Ultramarine Blue, Pigment Blue 29 (see below) and Pigment Violet 16, Manganese Violet, MnNH4P207. It is a bright, blue shade green with high chroma and outstanding fastness properties and is used in security inks, exterior paints and artists colors, exterior paints and artists colors {4}.

*C-N-C,H, Other organic pigments are quinacridones (red, violet, orange), dioxazines (violet), isoindolines (yellow, orange, red), and perylenes, flavanthrones, and anthraquinones [32]. The pigments does, however, show poor overstripe fastness when used in baking enamels. Organic pigments are generally classified according to their chemical structure with common varieties including azo pigments, lake pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, diazine pigments, perylene red pigment and isoindolinone-based pigments. Ten iron oxide pigments are shown in color plate 30 {4 and 7}. Galium corymbosum L., a Peruvian flower that contains large amounts of alizarin, was likely used to create this red color, a significant finding given the rarity of Peruvian textiles dyed with Galium species. O However, this process has ecological problems in the disposal of the large quantities of waste acid. Levels of zinc sulfide of 14-21% give a green or primrose shade whilst 1-7% gives a redder shade achieving a "golden" hue. The organic pigments are widely used in the coloring of inks, paints, rubber products, plastic products and coating printing size. Properties such as hghtfastness, bleed, durabihty, chemical resistance, etc., vary with the specific comparison being made; it is not always true to say that inorganics are superior in all these aspects. 10.4.5.2. This results in a variation in the colour from red to magenta. As an example, this technique was performed on a single red weft fiber (0.5 mm×2 µm) taken from a pre-Columbian Peruvian textile dated between 800 and 1350 AD (Fig. In certain geometries, some pigments also reverse the sign of this anisotropy. Fig. Pigment Green 10, Nickel Azo Yellow or Green Gold is the most lightfast azo pigment currently in commercial production, being lightfast at all range of shade from deep tones to pale tints. The most common organic solvents investigated are methanol (Foo et al., 2015; Pereira et al., 2015), ethanol and acetone (Amaro et al., 2015), ethyl acetate, n-hexane (Kim et al., 2012), and their mixtures (Rodrigues et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2015) separately or in sequential steps (Hosokawa et al., 1999). In general, most organic pigments consist of extended (hetero-) aromatic hydrocarbons or macrocyclic metal complexes. 10.7. A similar phenomenon is observed in isoindolinone pigment where chlorination of these pigments results in a variety of shades from yellow and orange to red and brown in comparison to yellow coloured parent pigments. 9 A 9-H PY153 II n CH,—C—C~C-NH II 0 COLORANTS: ORGANIC AND INORGANIC PIGMENTS Chakraborty, in Fundamentals and Practices in Colouration of Textiles, 2010. 5.6). Both are alike in the respect that color concentrates or intermix bases are prepared of a selection of colors which are then mixed together to give a custom colored end product.

Such "Pigment Metals" are derived from metals such as aluminum, nickel and zinc. NPCA Raw Materials Index, Pigments Section (National Paint and Coatings Association, Washington, DC 20005). They are used in plastics, rubber, fibers and for tarnish proof bronze colored printing inks. 311 10.18. Monoazo pigments, i.e., with only one chromophore, exhibit low thermal and light stability and have a tendency to bleed; they are not usually used in plastics. As such it is used in high quality coatings applications, artists colors, camouflage coatings, ceramics and vinyl siding. 312 Mixed Metal Oxide Browns of variable composition find use in the pigments marketplace and are identified as Pigment Browns 24, 33 and 35 {4 and 7}. Azo pigments are the largest group of organic pigments; they contain one or more azo (–NN–) chromophoric groups and form yellow, orange, and red pigments. CI 21.
1 ^iQn With different application conditions, the demands for the performance of the organic pigments are also different. Parfitt, G.D., 1981, Dispersion of Powders in Liquid, 3rd edn (Applied Science, London). Major uses include coatings and plastics with particular emphasis on the vinyl sidings marketplace. A green shade yellow used principally for brilliant solid shade in both automotive and industrial coatings, it has excellent weatherfastness coupled with good hiding power and gloss retention. Chemical specification of few lake and non-ionic type of pigments.

10.6.4.7.

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