For this reason, mono affects mainly high school and college students. It’s also called mono or “the kissing disease.” You can get the virus through kissing as well as things like sharing drinks or silverware. Sometimes, fatigue can last several weeks after that. No medications treat mono. A mono infection typically causes your body to produce more white blood cells as it tries to defend itself. Infectious mononucleosis definition is - an acute infectious disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized especially by fever, sore throat, swelling of lymph nodes, fatigue, and lymphocytosis and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults —abbreviation IM—called also kissing disease, mono. The infection can be spread by saliva. At this point, you would have sufficient amounts of heterophile antibodies to trigger a reliable positive response.

Learn more about the mono symptoms in children. When we suffer from belching, flatulence, aversion to eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and heartburn, we call it indigestion. The host immune response involves cytotoxic (CD8-positive) T cells against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged, atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells). [3][8] The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy. This includes using over-the-counter (OTC) medicines to reduce fever and techniques to calm a sore throat, such as gargling salt water. The link with infectious mononucleosis was uncovered in 1967 by Werner and Gertrude Henle at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, after a laboratory technician handling the virus contracted the disease: comparison of serum samples collected from the technician before and after the onset revealed development of antibodies to the virus. Mononucleosis thus seems to occur only in those who escaped EBV infection in childhood. Diagnostic modalities for infectious mononucleosis include: The presence of an enlarged spleen, and swollen posterior cervical, axillary, and inguinal lymph nodes are the most useful to suspect a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. [26] In adolescents and young adults, symptoms are thought to appear around 4–6 weeks after initial infection. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. [20], The most prominent sign of the disease is often the pharyngitis, which is frequently accompanied by enlarged tonsils with pus—an exudate similar to that seen in cases of strep throat. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. [3] It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood. It can only be contracted through direct contact with an infected person's saliva, such as through kissing or sharing toothbrushes. They might include: You’re more likely to have serious complications from mono if your immune system is weakened because of an illness like HIV or AIDS, or because you take certain medications. Learn more about causes and treatments. Once you visit your doctor, they’ll normally ask how long you’ve had symptoms. [13], In adolescence and young adulthood, the disease presents with a characteristic triad:[14], Another major symptom is feeling tired. They might also check the upper left part of your stomach to determine if your spleen is enlarged. [2][34], Mononucleosis is sometimes accompanied by secondary cold agglutinin disease, an autoimmune disease in which abnormal circulating antibodies directed against red blood cells can lead to a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. If such pain occurs, seek medical attention immediately — you may need surgery. [2] Usually, a person with IM has few, if any, further symptoms or problems from the latent B lymphocyte infection. The virus is spread through direct contact with saliva from the mouth of an infected person or other bodily fluids, such as blood. [66] The Paul-Bunnell Test or PBT was later replaced by the heterophile antibody test. In rare cases it can reactivate, but there usually won’t be any symptoms. The antibodies involved in the test do not interact with the Epstein–Barr virus or any of its antigens. It is one of the most commonly found viruses throughout the world.

A ruptured spleen in people who have mono is rare, but it is a life-threatening emergency. The virus is spread through saliva, which is why some people refer to it as “the kissing disease.”. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts. Infectious mononucleosis, or "mono", is an infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. [52], Splenomegaly is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis and health care providers may consider using abdominal ultrasonography to get insight into the enlargement of a person's spleen. [42] The need for rest and return to usual activities after the acute phase of the infection may reasonably be based on the person's general energy levels. The word mononucleosis has several senses. Mononucleosis is transmitted primarily by oral contact with exchange of saliva—hence its popular name, “the kissing disease.” The incubation period is thought to be about 30 to 40 days.

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