On September 7 and 8, Maunoury’s forces were reinforced by about 3,000 infantrymen who were transported to the battle from Paris by some 600 taxis, the first automotive transport of troops in the history of war. The Germans, on finding and being taken in by these plans, then adjusted their attack to thwart the false Allied plan. That evening, the 12,000 Belgian troops at Namur withdrew into French-held territory and at Dinant, 674 men, women and children were summarily executed by Saxon troops of the German 3rd Army; the first of several civilian massacres committed by the Germans in 1914. The whole left wing was ordered to turn about and return to a general offensive on September 6. Great Map of the 2nd Battle of the Marne, click it to enlarge to full size. The attack by Crown Prince Rupert’s Sixth Army on the Grand-Couronné, covering Nancy, was a particularly expensive failure. [68] In October, a new 4th Army was assembled from the III Reserve Corps, the siege artillery used against Antwerp, and four of the new reserve corps training in Germany. [31][32] The impact on morale was undeniable, the taxis de la Marne were perceived as a manifestation of the union sacrée of the French civilian population and its soldiers at the front, reminiscent of the people in arms who had saved the French Republic Campaign of 1794: a symbol of unity and national solidarity beyond their strategical role in the battle. The Allied victory started the …

First Battle of the MarneThe dotted line on the map shows how far the Germans had advanced into France before the First Battle of the Marne. The battle began on 15 July when 23 German divisions of the First and Third armies – led by Bruno von Mudra and Karl von Einem – assaulted the French Fourth Army under Henri Gouraud east of Reims (the Fourth Battle of Champagne (French: 4e Bataille de Champagne).

This was the last major German offensive of World War I. American Army divisions involved include the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 26th, 28th, 32nd, and 42nd. (Majestät, wir haben den Krieg verloren). [65], From 17 September – 17 October the belligerents made reciprocal attempts to turn the northern flank of their opponent. Consequently, the French and American forces led by Foch were able to conduct a different attack on exposed parts of the enemy lines, leaving the Germans with no choice but to retreat. The German 6th Army had also found that on arrival in the north, it was forced to oppose the French attack rather than advance around the flank and that the secondary objective, to protect the northern flank of the German Armies in France, had become the main task. Under this cover stormtroopers swarmed across the river in every sort of transport – including 30-man canvas boats and rafts. There was a gap between the left of the Second Army and the right of the Third Army at Verdun, which faced north-west, on a line towards Revigny, against the Fifth Army advance west of the Meuse between Varennes and Sainte-Menehould. Due to the redistribution of French troops, the German 1st Army had 128 battalions facing 191 battalions of the French and BEF. Moltke suffered a nervous breakdown upon hearing of the danger. [24] The Fifth Army by 8 September crossed the Petit Morin, which forced Bülow to withdraw the right flank of the 2nd Army. Moltke is said to have reported to the Kaiser: "Your Majesty, we have lost the war." [22], The Allies were prompt in exploiting the break in the German lines, sending the BEF and the Fifth Army into the gap between the two German armies.

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