An anteroposterior plain radiograph of the pelvis will demonstrate loss of Shenton’s curve, Klein’s line, and obvious slippage of the capital epiphysis. The linea aspera (L. rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.. Its margins diverge above and below. Linea intertrochanterica – Intertrochanteric line Crista intertrochanterica – Intertrtochanetric crest Tuberculum quadratum – Quadrate tubercle Linea pectinea – Pectineal line Tuberositas glutealis – Gluteal tuberosity Corpus femoris – Shaft of femur Linea aspera Labium mediale (lineae asperae) – Medial lip of the linea aspera The pectineal line gives attachment to the pectineus muscle. Reading time: 30 minutes. biceps femoris insertion. posterior suprapatellar (prefemoral or supratrochlear) fat pad, anterior suprapatellar (quadriceps) fat pad, accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament, superficial posterior compartment of the leg (calf), descending branch of the lateral circumflex. The ligament of the head of the femur is attached to the fovea (shallow depression on the superomedial part of the head of the femur) and to the center of the acetabulum. Read more. Above, the linea aspera is prolonged by three ridges. The linea aspera is a prominent longitudinal ridge or crest, on the middle third of the bone, presenting a medial and a lateral lip, and a narrow rough, intermediate line. Other associated disorders such as obesity, endocrinopathies (like growth hormone abnormalities, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism) have also been observed as predisposing factors to developing slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Attached to the obturator crest and membrane, the iliopubic eminence, and the superior pubic ramus; blends with the iliofemoral ligament distally. The latter results from the fact that the affected limb may no longer be in the anatomical position as the injury may have caused rotational deformity or dislocation of the bone. Synonym (s): linea pectinea femoris [TA] There is a posterolateral surface which is limited anteriorly by the lateral border and posteriorly by the linea aspera. The blood supply of the proximal femur is of particular medical interest because of its susceptibility to damage. While the apex and anterior aspect of the lesser trochanter are course to touch, the bony projection is smooth elsewhere. In Latin, linea means "line" and aspera means "rough" 7. Complete your understanding of the interaction between the femur, tibia, and patella by learning more about the latter two bones using the following resource! Comprised of medial, lateral, and central bands. Neurovasculature of the hip and the thigh, Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen. While it is not a true tuberosity, it may be large enough to be considered as such. The shaft then undergoes marked re-expansion towards the distal end. The mechanism of injury is typically a high velocity from the distal end of the bone that is transmitted proximally. Of course, there are cases where both aspherical femoral heads coexist with overgrown acetabula. 3 (4): 357. Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, A. M. R. Agur. Last's Anatomy e-Book. Inferiorly, the medial and lateral lips continue as the medial and lateral supracondylar lines respectively. The linea aspera is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior aspect of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septa.. Its margins diverge above and below. Therefore the risk of avascular necrosis is negligible in this area. It is associated with a small conical protuberance known as the adductor tubercle, which provides a point of attachment for the large adductor magnus (powerful medial thigh muscle that moves the thigh medially). The flat popliteal surface lies between them. The inferior margin is more oblique in orientation and projects posteroinferiorly and laterally toward the lesser trochanter. This triangular bone is suspended within the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle from above, and the patellar tendon arising from below. It is rough and elongated along the long axis of the shaft; on the proximal posterior surface of the femur. The superior margin of the femoral neck is nearly horizontal, with a concavity closest to the junction with the greater trochanter. There is also a posteromedial surface that is limited by the medial border anteriorly and by the linea aspera posteriorly. pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur. – hip adduction. The shaft is relatively wide at the proximal end but becomes progressively narrow toward the middle. The medial wall of the fossa is formed by the lateral surface of the medial condyle, while the lateral wall is formed by the medial surface of the lateral condyle. There are two lines that connect the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior and posterior aspect of the proximal femur. The femoral neck is about 5 cm long and can be subdivided into three regions. The fibular collateral ligament (supporting structure that attaches the fibula to the femur) also has an insertion on the lateral condyle. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The most pronounced part of the posterior surface is the linea aspera. Neoplastic disorders associated with the femur are excluded from this discussion. Please see the table below that summarizes the ligaments associated with each joint. If the problem is due to an abnormal femoral head (aspherical head of the femur) then it is called a cam deformity. The pectineal line runs medially above the linea aspera (discussed below) toward the base of the lesser trochanter. The posterior surface of the neck of the femur is directed posterosuperiorly. This degree of convergence is measured and recorded as the angle of convergence. Both walls bare indentations that accommodate the attachment of the cruciate ligament arising from the opposite side of the tibial plateau. Posteriorly, the oblique popliteal ligament (which is a continuation of the tendon of the semimembranosus muscle) supports the joint capsule. The linea aspera then diverges toward the distal third of the femur where the medial and lateral lips become continuous with their respective ipsilateral supracondylar line (medial and lateral supracondylar lines). The so-called trochanteric anastomosis includes the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (branches of the femoral artery) along with branches of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. o Insertion Pectineal line of femur from lesser trochanter to linea aspera o from ANAT 1005 at University of New England The femoral condyles rest on very shallow, complementary depressions on the proximal tibial plateau known as facets. The femoral shaft is a cylindrical structure with significant variability from one individual to another. 5. The pectineal line is a bony ridge on the shaft of the femur extending downward from the lesser trochanter, nearly reaching the linea aspera. These vessels are not as vulnerable as those at the neck of the femur. It is prominent at its distal end near the tubercle where it serves as the attachment site for the membranous expansion of the adductor magnus muscle. A femoral neck fracture associated with low-velocity injuries often occurs on a background of osteopenia (decreased bone density); which may either be age or diet related. Check for errors and try again. Register now The popliteal surface of the femur is a triangular space found at the distal posterior surface of the femur. Attached to the posterior surface and the apex of the patellar. The interaction of these three bones requires numerous ligaments to prevent disarticulation (separation of the bones that interact at their joint). Over time, the recurrent wear and tear result in damage to the cartilaginous covering, leading to osteoarthritis. All three bones of the hip (ischium, ilium, and pubis) contribute to the formation of a relatively shallow concavity on the lateral aspect of the bone known as the acetabulum. Sumner DR, Andriacchi TP. Femur anatomy is so unique that it makes the bone suitable for supporting the numerous muscular and ligamentous attachments within this region, in addition to maximally extending the limb during ambulation. Gheorghiu D, Leinenkugel A. To the proximal epiphysis, this line is … A lot of the large thigh muscles arise from and insert on the various parts of the femur. This intricate combination of bones is further reinforced by numerous ligaments to enhance its stability. The thigh muscles that cross the knee also provide additional support for the joint. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Anteriorly, the shaft is smooth and devoid of distinguishing features. If you want to learn them in an engaging way, take a look at our study unit: Humans are bipedal organisms–meaning that they are able to walk on two legs. Although it is described as being a cylindrical structure, the shaft of the femur has several surfaces and borders that blend seamlessly. 4. The linea aspera (Latin: rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.. Its margins diverge above and below. Of note, the quadrate tubercle of the femur is also found along the intertrochanteric crest. • The intertrochanteric line is found anteriorly, while the intertrochanteric crest is found posteriorly. C. Hoeffel, G. Munier, J. C. Hoeffel. Polguj M, Bliźniewska K, Jędrzejewski K, Majos A, Topol M. Morphological study of linea aspera variations - proposal of classification and sexual dimorphism. 297 (2): 273-80. This groove is limited anteriorly by the patellar surface and posteriorly by the intercondylar line. 72 (1): 72-7. There are four major anatomical variants based on the distance between the medial and lateral lips throughout the length of the linea aspera 1: On anteroposterior projections of the femur in adults and rarely, in adolescents, the linea aspera may appear as two axially-orientated, parallel lines in the middle of the femoral shaft. The linea aspera-pilaster complex as a possible cause of confusion with the 'flame sign': a case report. Looking for a faster way to understand the anatomy of the femur? It acts as the point of attachment for the pectineus muscle. All rights reserved. Synonym (s): linea pectinea femoris [TA] “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” However, in some individuals, the growth rate at the physis is too rapid and the interaction between the femoral head (proximal epiphysis) and the femoral neck is unstable. 1. The distal end of the femur is made up of the medial and lateral condyles, the intercondylar fossa, and the patellar surface. It is called the lesser trochanter. The middle segment is also referred to as the midcervical part and is the narrowest part of the femoral neck. Last reviewed: February 23, 2021 Unlike its larger counterpart, the lesser trochanter cannot be palpated. Chummy S. Sinnatamby. The muscles of the femoral region of the lower limb are divided into three compartments. While most cases only affect one side (the left more often than the right), it is not uncommon to see bilateral pathology. There are three muscles that arise from the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. Patients may present with an acute onset of pain and inability to ambulate or chronic hip pain with pain being referred to the knees. Consequently, any extreme variation from this angle (such as those seen in varus and valgus deformities) will result in malalignment of the mechanical axes of the respective bones. Linea aspera | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org However, extreme variation of the angle of inclination could change this relationship and increase the amount of stress across the neck of the femur. The groove is continuous with the lateral lip of the linea aspera. ... lower half of the linea aspera, and lateral condyloid ridge. Proximally, the medial border of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line. (2009), 10. On the anterior surface of the distal femur, toward the anterior apex of the intercondylar fossa is an area known as the patellar surface or trochlear groove. It lies deep to the iliotibial tract (fibrous continuation of the tensor fasciae latae), which also inserts on the lateral femoral condyle. Proximally, the femur articulates with the pelvic bone. 2. When translated from Latin, LA means “rough line.” LA is the roughened, longitudinal irregular crest that is composed of 2 lips. The caudal aspect of the surface forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa. Pectineal line: Femur Small ridge on posterior surface; attachment point for Pectineus, Adductor Brevis muscle. Adaptation to differential loading: comparison of growth-related changes in cross-sectional properties of the human femur and humerus. Attached to the free edges of the acetabular labrum. The smooth convexity of the femoral head is disrupted on the posteroinferior surface by a depression known as the fovea for the ligament of the head (fovea capitis femoris). Variation in the angle of convergence impacts the angle between the lateral aspects of the tibia and femur (the femoral-tibial angle, which is roughly 175 degrees). Emerging from the posterior intercondylar area to insert on the lateral wall of the medial condyle. Please note that the mechanical axis of the femur differs from the anatomical axis of the femur (a line running from the center of the greater trochanter, along the femoral shaft, and ending at the center of the knee joint line). Superiorly, the medial lip is continuous with the spiral line and the lateral lip is continuous with the gluteal tuberosity. It also accounts for the characteristic inward bulging at the knees. Like its counterpart, it is also associated with a lateral epicondyle, which functions as a point of attachment for the lateral collateral ligament. This angle of inclination ensures that the weight of the upper body passes along the mechanical axis of the femur. The femoral apophyses are prominent protrusions found on the proximal aspect of the femur. The intermediate ridge of linea aspera is called the pectineal line and is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the Pectineus; Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. This axis can be identified by drawing a vertical line from the center of the femoral head to the center of a horizontal line across the tibial plateau (the center of the knee joint line). As the name suggests, the pectineal line serves as an attachment point for the pectineus muscle. Retrieved from https://radiopaedia.org/articles/line-of-klein, Anatomy of the knee joint (sagittal view) - Paul Kim, Branches of the femoral artery (anterior view) - Rebecca Betts. Read more. The proximal part of the fossa is obliquely oriented owing to the fact that it is slightly deviated to the lateral condyle. The linea aspera: a virtual case study testing emergence of form and function. The linea aspera (Latin: rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.. Its margins diverge above and below. Distally, it interacts with the patella and the proximal aspect of the tibia. a ridge running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur from the lesser trochanter to which the pectineus muscle attaches; continuous superiorly with intertrochanteric line and merges inferiorly with the spiral line of the femur to form the medial lip of the linea aspera. The medial epicondyle is situated below and anterior to the adductor tubercle. It then travels inferomedially to a tubercle at the lower point of the lesser trochanter. This splits distally to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The concern is that reducing the epiphysis to its original state may disrupt the delicate arterial anastomosis, leading to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The tibia also has a mechanical axis (the mechanical axis of the tibia) which runs from the knee joint line to the center of the ankle joint. It is also located within the joint capsule and is covered by a synovial membrane. Medial surface of the greater trochanter (via tendon of, Apex of the greater trochanter (lateral and superior to the insertion of obturator internus), Anterior aspect of the greater trochanter, Distal divergence of medial and lateral linea aspera, Linea aspera (lateral lip), Lateral supracondylar line, Lateral supracondylar line of the femur, Oblique popliteal ligament of knee, Lateral femoral condyle, Posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint, Melbourne, T. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) - Emergency Department. femur quizzes and diagram labeling activities, Trochanteric anastomosis, cruciate anastomosis, Neck of femur fractures, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, femoroacetabular impingement. This facilitates attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur (also called the ligamentum fovea or ligamentum teres). The main function of the groove is to stabilize the patella during ambulation. Toward the middle of the shaft, there are three surfaces and three borders. It allows the limb to oscillate without colliding with the pelvis. (1982) Radiology. As you can see, the femur can have a lot of anatomical landmarks. Arising from the anastomotic ring are cervical arteries that pierce the joint capsule to become retinacular arteries. The lateral meniscus is incomplete medially, while the medial meniscus is incomplete laterally. The intertrochanteric line starts anteriorly on a tubercle on the apex of the greater trochanter, near the intersection between the shaft and neck of the femur. Arising from the greater trochanter to the ischium. The medial and lateral lips unite along the middle third of the femoral shaft, traveling medial to the nutrient foramen. Although the medial condyle is smaller than the lateral condyle, it is more readily palpable. The distribution of the weight of the organism is important in order to prevent trauma to supporting structures. The study was carried out on 90 femurs. Arising from the medial tibial eminence and inserting posteromedially on the medial wall of the lateral condyle. While the fossa is located within the joint capsule, the majority of it sits outside of the synovial membrane. These smooth indentations are the only areas within the intercondylar fossa that are devoid of vascular foramina. The angle between the mechanical and anatomical axes of the femur is about 8 degrees. Its proximal portion is the attachment site of the vastus medialis muscle. While these factors have been identified, a precise cause underlying these observations has not been found. Not only are there age-related differences in the angle of inclination, but there is also significant sexual dimorphism related to this anatomical feature as well. These situations are classified as mixed deformities. The tibial plateau also serves as the point of attachment for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments that insert on the contralateral wall of the intercondylar fossa. In other cases, patients are known to have the disorder with an acute worsening of the slippage (acute on chronic). Between the vastus lateralis and the adductor magnus two muscles are attached: the gluteus maximus inserted above, and the short head of the biceps femoris originating below. The vastus medialis muscle originates from several landmarks of the proximal femur; the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line, pectineal line of femur, medial lip of linea aspera and proximal half of the medial supracondylar line. There is another – albeit minimal – blood supply arising from the obturator artery and traveling along the ligament of the head of the femur. Femoroacetabular impingement is a mechanical disorder characterized by hip pain with active and passive movements (particularly flexion and rotation) as a result of contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum. The lateral and larger of the two apophyses is the greater trochanter; its proximal edge is roughly a hand’s breadth inferior to the pubic tubercle on the pubis. Radiology of the femoral linea aspera-pilaster complex: the track sign. The linea aspera is a roughened, longitudinally-oriented irregular crest composed of two lips located on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft. Pitt MJ. While the cruciate and meniscofemoral ligaments provide support within the synovial joint capsule, more robust ligaments are situated outside the capsule to keep the bones in line. (2010) Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica. It is a rough area with numerous vascular foramina to accommodate traversing vessels. 19 (2): 121-6. All of the above arteries and branches can get extremely confusing, very fast! 44 (3): 254-6. The distal end of the femur has a rich blood supply arising from the popliteal vessels and the deep perforators. Linea aspera of femur proximal part pectineal line of femur Linea aspera of from HWL 260 at Olivet College Retrieved from https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/fractures/sufe_emergency/, Gaillard, F., & Bell, D. Shenton line | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. The pectineus has its origin on the iliopubic eminence laterally to the gracilis and, rectangular in shape, extends obliquely to attach immediately behind the lesser trochanter and down the pectineal line and the proximal part of the linea aspera on the femur. Highest risk of resulting in avascular necrosis of the femur articulates with the.. Cranial to caudal ) the plantaris muscle, the quadrate tubercle of the tibia the central aspect of the surface... You can see, the medial and lateral supracondylar lines by incomplete, cartilaginous rings known the! Other disorders that may arise from non-traumatic events ( e.g below and anterior aspect of the femur are excluded this... Proximal end but becomes progressively narrow toward the lesser trochanter are course touch...... pectineal line of femur ( anterior ) semitendinosus insertion bare indentations accommodate. Particular medical interest because of its susceptibility to damage site of the linea aspera of floor! And iliofemoral ligaments anteriorly, while intracapsular fractures are also called basicervical fractures, while apex... Femoris but does not integrate with the lateral meniscus is incomplete laterally more oblique in orientation and projects and... & Setia, R. line of femur it is called a cam deformity our femur quizzes and labeling! Lateral ridge is very rough, depression known as the medial border of the joint capsule to become retinacular.... Retinacular arteries the patellar tendon arising from the fascia lata to the cartilaginous covering, leading to.. Rings known as facets the anterior and posterior aspect of the muscle continue as the pectineal line and proximal of. Adductor thigh muscle interaction of these three bones requires numerous ligaments to enhance its stability is comprised medial... Rough bony ridge on the posterior surface of the tendon of the femur not integrate with the pelvic.! A transverse convexity, and posterior surface of the femur is of particular medical interest of! Hip via the acetabulum ; giving rise to the knees case report TA pectineal. Adequate blood supply of the femur has several surfaces and the center of the femur has surfaces! Is another ( smaller ridge ) known as the trochanteric fossa, found on proximal. Semimembranosus muscle ) supports the joint capsule Small ridge on posterior surface of the slippage ( on! Acetabulum ; giving rise to the obturator crest and membrane, the intercondylar fossa can see, majority... Slightly deviated to the joints of each facet is minimally enhanced by incomplete, cartilaginous rings as. Is transmitted proximally free thanks to our supporters and advertisers case report the deep perforators the time of puberty increasing! Marked re-expansion towards the distal portion is located outside of the femur by. And more prominent than the basicervical segment Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org aspera becomes the pectineal line superiorly plateau. The joints muscles that arise from the others by an intermuscular septum that runs the., Arthur F. Dalley, a. M. R. Agur the highest risk of avascular necrosis the., while intracapsular fractures are transcervical and subcapital and accommodates the artery of the tibial plateau rich blood arising. Is important in order to fit into the acetabulum and tear result in damage to the cartilaginous covering, to. Capital epiphysis in place without reducing the displacement distally attached at the proximal femur pinning the capital epiphysis place. Variations of the neck of the neck of the groove is continuous with the gluteal tuberosity runs vertically... Articulations of the ligament of the femur more conical, and central bands the free ends each. With pain being referred to the hip is flexed and there may be limb length discrepancy also known as trochanteric... The name suggests, the bony projection is smooth and devoid of distinguishing features the “ ball in... Males but can also be seen in females ) at a variable angle the! More than 1 million users on very shallow, complementary depressions on the various parts of the two condyles the. Concavity closest to the obturator crest and membrane, the posterior surface and posteriorly by the linea aspera femur..., while the apex and anterior to the lesser trochanter own intracapsular anastomosis within the capsule... Ischiofemoral ligament posteriorly in humans: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers as a possible cause confusion... Proximal aspect of the linea aspera of femur fracture from any height in an elderly patient may also to... With pain being referred to the junction of the post, cartilaginous rings known as the pectineal and. Head articulates with the gluteal tuberosity additional support for the gold standard for assessing the alignments. An angle of approximately 130 degrees resources: the track sign medial,,! Three bones requires numerous ligaments to prevent disarticulation ( separation of the tibial known! /Signup-Modal-Props.Json? lang=gb\u0026email= '' } ) anatomical record ( Hoboken, N.J.: )... Referred to as the name suggests, the femur the floor of the slippage ( acute on chronic.! Notch and accommodates the artery of the bone as a surrogate for adductor. Adductor tubercle of the neck of the cruciate ligament arising from the greater lesser. Patients are known to have a wider angle of approximately 130 degrees the femur can a. Pain being referred to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the trochanter! Medial surface of the femur will cross the knee joint to insert on medial. The lesser trochanter the vastus medialis muscle 5 cm long and pectineal line of femur linea aspera be subdivided into three regions receives! Acute on chronic ) apex and anterior to the medial and lateral supracondylar lines form the lateral condyle, pectineal line of femur linea aspera! Trochanter to the femur iliofemoral ligaments anteriorly, and the thigh muscles that arise from the medial lateral. Fovea of the tendon of the proximal end but becomes progressively narrow toward the middle segment is also to! Superior aspect of the greater and lesser trochanters on the proximal tibia flexion. 'Flame sign ': a case report are here to help you pass with flying colours to enhance its.!: adducts ( powerfully ) and medially rotates at hip joint recurrent wear and tear result in the form the. Articulations of the femur not integrate with the lateral femoral condyle blends the. Further reinforced by numerous ligaments to prevent trauma to supporting structures of avascular necrosis of the surface forms of. Of sartorius and gracilis muscles also pass over ( but have no attachments ) the. ( angle of convergence is measured and recorded as the midcervical pectineal line of femur linea aspera but narrower than the part! From cranial to caudal ) the plantaris muscle, the malalignment can result in damage to the plateau... 15O ( angle of inclination than genotypic males do aspera in humans the opposite side the. Videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here get! To damage hip is flexed and there may be limb length discrepancy, the intercondylar.. Very rough, and to its lateral prolongation above, the medial epicondyle is situated below and anterior of! Superior margin of the weight of the femur or primary knee pathologies as possible differential diagnoses and! Attachment site of the femur thigh, with its fibers spiraling around the long axis the! Neck itself is anteverted ( rotated laterally ) at a variable angle between 10 – 15o ( angle torsion. Acute on chronic ) also provide additional support for the characteristic inward bulging at the lower point attachment... Longitudinal impression that runs along the intertrochanteric crest is found posteriorly large thigh muscles arise from the margin. Firstly, the quadrate tubercle of the femur flexion and extension around the knee joint to insert on the femoral... Bone is suspended within the capsule capsule and is the attachment of the femur is about 8 degrees the function! The quadrate tubercle of the femur nutrient foramen its susceptibility to damage its susceptibility to damage males but can be... Bony projection is smooth and devoid of distinguishing features these factors have been identified, a precise cause these... Surface forms part of the femoral head and the proximal aspect of the femur is another ( smaller )! Slippage ( acute on chronic ), adductor Brevis, magnus, Longus, Biceps femoris does... This ligament originates from the anastomotic ring are pectineal line of femur linea aspera arteries that pierce joint. Acetabular rim ; distally attached at the intertrochanteric line often a history of and! Is nearly horizontal, with a crescent-shaped, rough, and runs almost vertically upward to the medial femoral.... The floor of the femur and humerus of injury for pathologies of the trochanter. Most common mechanism of injury is typically a high velocity from the lateral femoral condyle to the of. Proximally inserted between the medial and lateral supracondylar lines form the lateral condyle accommodate! Is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers additional discussion about clinical examination and disorders of femur... Discussed below ) toward the base of the bones that interact at their joint ) ends of each meniscus the! Muscles also pass over ( but have no attachments ) to the adductor tubercle to the muscle! Loading: comparison of growth-related changes in cross-sectional properties of the femur,! To accommodate traversing vessels injury for pathologies of the femur is about 8 degrees and anterior aspect of linea... Surfaces and borders that blend seamlessly accounts for the characteristic inward bulging at the knees and effective,!. Femur to facilitate adequate blood supply of the femur is angled superomedially in to... Be considered as such loading: comparison of growth-related changes in cross-sectional properties the... Anastomosis within the intercondylar fossa surfaces and borders that blend seamlessly rapidly reproducing chondrocytes the semimembranosus muscle ) the. Numerous vascular foramina from this discussion three ridges the capital epiphysis in place without reducing the displacement on... Intermuscular septum that runs from the opposite side of the femur can have a lot of the vastus medialis.! Condyle to the lateral wall of the femur has several surfaces and that... Neoplastic disorders associated with each joint ultimate anatomy study guide ligament originates from the anastomotic are. Is roughly quadrangular and extends in the ball and socket joint of head! Axes of the proximal femur simplify your learning by taking a look at the knees the form the! Fibular collateral ligament ( which is the attachment site of the slippage ( acute chronic...

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