The draping of the robes on Buddha was also very similar to the drapery on Roman imperial statues. Facebook Page : https://www.facebook.com/uppscenglish/Blogspot :https://vivaexams.blogspot.in/Do share like and subscribe the videos !! The home of the Gandhara school of art is the territory in and around Peshawar in northwestern India. The Mathura school of art flourished in the early centuries of the Christian period. The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to … That is why it is also called Greco-Buddhist art. The Gandhara School of art flourished in his reign. Both Shakas and Kushanas were patrons of Gandhara School, which is known for the first sculptural representations of the Buddha in human form. The region was a crossroads where the early influences of the western classical world met with Indian imagery and local practices. The depiction of Buddha as a ‘man-god’ in Gandharan sculpture is believed to be inspired from Greek mythology. Stucco plaster, which was commonly observed in Greek art, was widely used in Gandharan artwork for the decoration of monastic and cult buildings. Lion Capital at Sarnath was set up by Emperor Ashoka of Maurayan era. Subscribe to Free E-Magazine on Art & Culture. the other materials used were mud, lime, stucco. Famed for its unique Gandharan style of art that is heavily influenced by classical Greek and Hellenistic styles, Gandhara attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century CE under the Kushan Empire. From traditional Brahmanical faith, the artists carved out images of Kubera, and of Yakshas, Yakshinis and Nagas. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture occupies a high place in the history of Indian Art. By this time, another artistic style called the Mathura School of Art had widely gained popularity, thus equalling itself with the intricacy possessed by the Gandhara Art. The Gandhara art is basically the result of Hellenistic influences on Buddhism. It was situated and the North West frontier of India. Material is sufficient and well explained. However, the erotic carvings have been done only outside the temple. The Gandhara School had also roman as well as Greek influences and assimilated Archimedean, Parthian and Bactrian. The school of art that developed at Mathura in trendy Uttar Pradesh is called the Mathura art. This art has come to be called Gandhara School of Art after the name of the country of its origin. Gandhara School of Art got developed in Peshawar (Purushapura) and Taxila as its headquarters. The greatest of all Gandhara stupas as the one erected by Kanishka outside the gates of modern Peshawar. In most of the ancient temples of South India, the sculptures of the Saptamatrikas are found. The head of the Buddha matched very much with Greek God Apollo. Bimaran Casket has yielded the earliest specimen of the Gandhara Art. 1. An example of Buddha in Gandhara style is the Buddha head at Taxila which is in the Gandhara region. Jalalabad, Begram, Taxila are the places where art pieces from Gandhara school were found. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture, Indian Sculpture. In all the Buddha depicted in the Gandhara Art is shown making four types of hand gestures and this is a remarkable feature in this art. In the Mathura art, Buddha image have fleshy body and the shoulders are broad. The forms of Greek art were applied to Buddhist subjects with reasonable amount of success. Please add central acian elements in gandhara art#, © Copyright 2009-2019 GKToday | All Rights Reserved, Comparison of Gandhara and Mathura Buddha, Current Affairs [PDF] - April 16-30, 2021, Awards, Honours, Persons & Places in News, Business, Economy & Banking Current Affairs. The Buddha image is accompanied by Halo around his head which is very large. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. Some of the features of Classical Roman art observed in Gandharan sculptures are vine scrolls, cherubs with garlands, tritons and centaurs. Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture was developed during the 1st century AD. In this art, Buddha’s curls were altered into wavy hair. It flourished simultaneously to the Gandhara school of art; hence we generally tend to say about both the art schools together. Topic:Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. According to A. L. Basham, the school of Gandhara was evidently influenced by the art of the Roman Empire, and some of its craftsmen may have been Westerners. Golden period of this school was during the first to fifth century AD/CE when the Kushan and Gupta Kings were in Power. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. Even though the iconography of Gandharan sculpture was Indian in nature, it also incorporated motifs and techniques from Classical Roman art. it is also known as graeco-buddhist school of art. Art from Gandhara is notable for its striking stylistic qualities, many of which reflect complex connections to Greco-Roman and Parthian art. The Buddha has curly hair and there are linear strokes over the head. The reign of a single king cannot be attributed as the cause for the evolution of the art. Gandhara School of Art: The next important stage in the growth of art is associated with the name of Gandhara in the north-west. Overall the image is very expressive and calmness remains the centre point of attraction in Gandhara style of Buddha. The art and architecture of Gandhara continued to develop until the 7th century AD. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. Indian Sculptures echo divinity, mysticism, innovation and magnificence. comprehensive, databased and complete. it is too much necessary for candidates who are willing for sitting in UPSC Examination. This art form has played an important part in the development of the Indian art. By this time the worship of the image of Buddha had become common. Artists in North Western India were influenced by Greco-Roman art. The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to the Greek sculptures. 4.Gandhara School of Art that was developed in the form of sculpture is the fusion of: A. Greco-Roman style. It was patronized by Indo-Greeks and after that by Kushans. The Sanghati (garment) covers only one shoulder. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. Side by side, they also carved out Brahmanical and Jaina divinities. Objects of art are like documentaries of a thought – world that has departed. Gandhara arts were in a blue-grey mica schist, though sometimes in a green phyllite and stucco, or in terracotta. Images of the Buddha appeared in the likeness of Apollo and Yaksha Kubera in the fashion of Zeus of the Greek. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco- … This school was the first to depict Buddha as human. grey sandstone is used in gandhara school of art. The Gandhara school flourished between the 1st and 5th centuries CE, but the peak of its activities took place under the Kushan rule. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco-Roman style of art. Side by side, they also carved out Brahmanical and Jaina divinities. The art of the Gandhara school was primarily Mahayana and shows Greco-Roman influence. Ramkinkar Baij was a significant artist of 20th Century and is regarded as the pioneer of modern Indian sculpture. The Bamyan Buddha of Afghanistan were the example of the Gandhara School. Above all, Kanishka, the greatest of the Kushanas was a famous backer of art and architecture. Copyright © Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. All rights reserved including the right to reproduce the contents in whole or in part in any form or medium without the express written permission of Jupiter Infomedia Ltd. The ears are elongated especially the earlobes. 5) Write a note on the salient features of Mathura, Gandhara and Sarnath schools of art and their depiction of Buddha. The residence of the Gandhara school of art is the territory in and around Peshawar in northwestern India. In contrast with Mathura School, the Gandhara School images are known for their anatomical accuracy, spatial depth, and foreshortening. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. Gandhara school of art :-The Gandhara school of art had grown around Peshawar (Presently in Pakistan) in Northwest India, during the rule of Indo-Greek rulers but the real patrons of Gandhara school of art were the Sakas and the Kushanas, Kanishka in particular. A sculpture is a three dimensional image that is crafted of various materials either by hand or by using tools. As most of the statues and sculptures made under this school have been discovered in Gandhara. Gandhara School was based on Greco-Roman norms encapsulating foreign techniques and an alien spirit. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. Some examples of Gandharan art depict both Buddha and the Greek god, Hercules. The Gandhara School of art had also developed in first century AD along with Mathura School during reign of Kushana emperor Kanishka. This school inherited the Greco-Buddhist art. Kushan king Kanishka was the chief patron of this Art. The Gandhara school of Art did not stop only with Buddhist images. (200 Words) NCERT, Class XI, Introduction to Indian Art, Chapter 4 Gandhara art was produced between the 1st century bc and the 7th century ad. The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushan dynasty and was contemporaneous with an important but dissimilar school of Kushan art at Mathura (Uttar … Gandhara School of Art and Sculpture had developed in 1st century AD together with Mathura School in the sovereignty of Kushana ruler Kanishka. The Roman and Greek Influences in Gandhara Buddha are enumerated as follows: However, Gandharan sculpture owes as much to Roman art as it does to Grecian art. The Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara essentially ends with the 5th-7th centuries. C. Both A and B. The style of this age is known as the Gandhara school of art. That is why; it was called the Gandhara School of art. With respect to the face of Buddha, it is round with fleshy cheeks. A late evolution is the appearance of a halo and mandorla surrounding the Buddha figure. B. Indian style. Gandhara School of Art flourished in the North-West part of India. The drapery follows the Hellenistic models. In the Gandhara school Buddha portrayed had Hellenistic features whereas in the Mathura school the Buddha was modelled on earlier Yaksha images. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient India. The Indian elements derived from the ideal yogi type, namely the lotus seat and the meditative gaze could not be properly assimilated, and the schematic folded drapery, heavy ornamentation and very often the moustaches betray a taste lacking in refinement. Crack IAS with new 1 year Batches starting on 27 July, with my NCERT courses / Basics to Advanced . The Gandharan Buddha image was inspired by Hellenistic realism, influenced by Persian, Scythian, and Parthian models. The other materials used were Mud, Lime, Stucco. It has four lions sitting back to back and is said to represent the wheel of Law. Khajuraho Erotic sculptures are an integral feature of the Khajuraho Temple. 15. the foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of buddha in which they bear resemblance to the greek sculptures. Budhha figures were famous for their fine detailing and bluish-grey and grey colour. The Gandhara School of Art reached its peak under the reign of Kanishka the Great from 127 to 151 AD. Buddha is accompanied by attendant figures like Padmapani and Valrapani Boddhisattvas. Additionally, the Gandharan sculptors drew from the anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion. Although being an intricate part of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco-Roman style of art. Beside above, what is the importance of Gandhara sculptures? Gandhara art, style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century bce and the 7th century ce. The other materials used were Mud, Lime, Stucco (a type of plaster). The school of art that developed at Mathura in modern Uttar Pradesh is called Mathura school of art. The Gandhara School of Art During the Kushana Empire’s rule, the Gandhara art prospered in India. The Gandhara school of Art did not stop only with Buddhist images. MATHURA AND GANDHARA SCHOOL OF ART “Art by its nature is a visual commentary on or a concrete manifestation of thought which is abstract and invisible. Grey sandstone (Blue-grey Mica schist to be precise) is used in Gandhara School of Art. These temples are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Saptamatrika Sculptures of South India dates back to 3rd century B.C. Grey sandstone is primarily used in Gandhara School of Art. ; Many artists from West Asia had settled down in the north-west of India after the Greek invasions and … The last stages correspond roughly to the destruction of the Alchon Huns, when the art of Gandhara, becomes essentially extinct. From traditional Brahmanical faith, the artists carved out images of Kubera, and of Yakshas, Yakshinis and Nagas. The forehead plane has protruding eyeballs, eyes are half closed and the face and cheeks are not round like the images found in other parts of India. However, Marble was NOT used in Gandhara art. The Gandhara art was also widely popularised later, during the rule of the Kushan kings under Kanishka and his successors. Mathura School Of Art. Ancient Gandhara included the valley of Peshawar, Swat, Buner and Bajjora, and was ruled by the Achaenamids of Iran, the Greeks, the Mauryas, the Sakas, the Pahlavas and the Kushans in succession; consequently, it developed a … The foreign influence is evident from the sculptures of Buddha in which they bear resemblance to the Greek sculptures. After independence, it became a part of Pakistan. The Gandhara School of Art occupies an important place in the history of the Indian Art. Due to the application of Greek Techniques of art to the Buddhist subjects (beautiful images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas) the Gandhara School of Art is also known as the Graeco-Buddhist School of Art. The territory of Gandhara was the main centre of this art. The Buddha image of Gandhara school has been claimed to be an original contribution but its aesthetic quality is indifferent and it lacks the vigour and independence of expression that characterise the free standing Bodhisattvas of Mathura. This school of art evolved a distinct type of Buddha statue and was also rich in relief sculptures depicting Buddhist myth and legend. Jalalabad, Hadda, Bamaran, Begram & Taxila were the main centers where art pieces of Gandhara School have been found. Call or whatsapp- 8727053008. However, there are certain drawbacks of Gandhara school portrayal of the Buddha. the bamyan buddha of afghanistan were the example of the gandhara school. After the Greek invasions and during the period of the Kushanas, many artists from West Asia had settled down in the north-west of India. It is also known as Graeco-Buddhist School of art. The style was strongly influenced by the art of ancient Greece and Rome but also drew largely from Indian traditions of composition. The Saptamatrika is a South Indian sculpture that is said to contain energies of the deities of the Hindu pantheon. The gestures are as follows: Gandharan sculptures show strong Greek influences in the depiction of a ‘man-god’ and of wavy hair, sandals and extensive drapery. The Gandhar School of sculpture: origin of the Gandhara art was the most significant feature the growth of the Kushan period. Almost all kinds of foreign influences like Greek, Roman, Persian, Saka and Kushan were assimilated in Gandhara style. Terracotta was used rarely. The Gandhara School is represented in sculptures, stucco, and clay as well as in mural paintings. … The depiction of Buddha in Gandharan art is reminiscent of sculptures depicting a young Apollo. Has departed art evolved a distinct type of plaster ) sculptural representations of the robes Buddha... 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Stucco ( a type of Buddha statue and was also widely popularised later, during the 1st and centuries! Continued to develop until the 7th century AD sitting in UPSC Examination to subjects... Is represented in sculptures, stucco on Buddha was also very similar to the Greek sculptures detailing bluish-grey... Sculpture that is crafted of various materials either by hand or by using tools by Persian, Scythian, of... Fine detailing and bluish-grey and grey colour and techniques from Classical Roman art observed in Gandharan is. It was patronized by Indo-Greeks and after that by Kushans was during the Empire.

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