Elizabeth herself allegedly took nightly baths in the blood of the victims in order to remain young. However, History claimed that she was confined to a single room with naught but slits in the walls to let in food and a meager amount of light. Soon dozens, and then hundreds, of witnesses were accusing Báthory of heinous crimes. Finally, in 1610, King Matthias II assigned Thurzó, the Palatine of Hungary, to investigate. His death left Elizabeth the ruler of vast, strategically important estates, whose governance she took on actively and unyieldingly. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/elizabeth-bathory-mass-murderer-or-victim-1221244. They were quickly put to death, while their mistress escaped the executioner's axe — more or less. Select personalised content. Báthory was born into the Hungarian nobility in 1560. The exact number of Elizabeth Báthory's victims is unknown, and even contemporary estimates differed greatly. The most common motif of these works was that of the countess bathing in her victims' However, we actually know little about both her and her alleged crimes, and the general trend in modern history has been to conclude that her guilt may well have been overplayed, and that she was, perhaps, the victim of rival nobles who wished to take her lands and cancel their debts to her. She was relatively well educated, and in 1575 married Count Nádasdy. The high number of victims attributed to the countess — perhaps as many as 650 — came from the testimony of a servant girl, according to Tony Thorne's book Countess Dracula: The Life and Times of Elizabeth Báthory, the Blood Countess. Meanwhile, Báthory was also declared guilty, on the basis she had been caught red-handed and imprisoned in Castle Čachtice until she died. Elizabeth Bathory was accused, in the testimonies gathered by the Count Palatine, of killing between a couple of dozen and over six hundred young women. Wilde, Robert. For example, the number of Báthory's victims, allegedly as high as 650, may have been artificially inflated. Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed was a Hungarian noblewoman from the family of Báthory, who owned land in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary, Slovakia and Romania). Create a personalised content profile. Elizabeth Báthory is famed as the ‘Blood Countess,’ an Eastern European aristocrat who tortured and murdered over six hundred girls. List of Partners (vendors). “Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed was a Hungarian noble woman from the noble family of Báthory, who owned land in the Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary, Slovakia and Romania). As Biography noted, three of Báthory's servants testified to their mistress' crimes, while themselves under torture, and their own supposed involvement in the acts. Develop and improve products. Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian) is recorded as being one of the most prolific serial killers in history, as documented by her entry in the Guinness Book of Records, and is estimated to have brutally tortured and killed between 80 and 650 young women between 1585 and … The countess was accused of making victims eat the flesh of other victims, or even their own. Báthory has been labeled by Guinness World Records as the most prolific female murderer, though the precise number of her victims is debated. According to the testimonies, Báthory’s initial … Thurzó ordered two notaries, András Keresztúry and Mózes Cziráky, to collect evidence in March 1610. The other She … The 10 Biggest Criminal Cases of the 21st Century, The Most Notorious Serial Killers in History, Biography of Vlad the Impaler, Inspiration for Dracula, The Life and Reign of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Female European Historical Figures: 1500 - 1945, The Murders of Terrance Rankins and Eric Glover, Biography of Queen Elizabeth I, Virgin Queen of England, Industry and Agriculture History in Europe, M.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University, B.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University. The record of tortures of which the countess was accused will make your stomach turn. Deemed the world's most prolific female murderer by Guinness World Records, Báthory reportedly killed more than 600 young girls to satisfy her need … Between 1602 and 1604, after rumors of Báthory's atrocities had spread throughout the kingdom, Lutheran minister István Magyari made complaints against her, both publicly and at the court in Vienna. She would bite shoulders and breasts, as well as burning the flesh, including the genitals, of some victims. She's also accused of abducting victims, once the supply of readily-available servant girls had run out; of torturing them in gruesome and disgusting ways; and of defiling their corpses. What did Elizabeth Bathory do to her victims? Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed was a serial killer from the Báthory family of nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary. According to The Straight Dope (which puts the number of victims at 610), Báthory and her associates shoved pins and needles under the fingernails or into the breasts of victims. Báthory and four collaborators were accused of torturing and killing hundreds of young women between 1585 and 1609. Measure ad performance. Bathory’s death, in August 1614, came before the reluctant Count Palatine could be forced into organizing a court. Her actions resulted in a … The political landscape of Hungary at the time was one of major rivalries, and Elizabeth appears to have supported her nephew Gabor Bathory, ruler of Transylvania and rival to Hungary. These were almost all of noble birth and had been sent to the court for learning and advancement. The bodies of the dead victims also allegedly suffered gruesome fates. In 1610, the Count Palatine of Hungary, Elizabeth’s cousin, began to investigate allegations of cruelty by Elizabeth. https://www.thoughtco.com/elizabeth-bathory-mass-murderer-or-victim-1221244 (accessed May 18, 2021). "Elizabeth Báthory: Mass Murderer or Victim?" I'm sure all of us have come across stories in which beauty goes wild; however, this is one of the most gruesome stories you'll come across. 1729 – Laszlo Turoczy, Ungaria suis cum regibus compendio data, Nagyszombat, 1729 – this book includes the first public exposure of the prosecution of Bathory. Further, author Dr. Irma Szádeczky-Kardoss claimed, in the scholarly paper The Bloody Countess?, (posted at Notes on Hungary) that one of the men who investigated the countess stood to gain professionally from trumping up charges against a disgraced noblewoman. … Store and/or access information on a device. ThoughtCo. Even the conditions of her confinement are disputed. Biography claimed that the accused murderess was effectively free to move about the castle where she was confined. IN 1602, RUMORS BEGAN TO CIRCULATE around the village of Trenčín, present-day Slovakia: Peasant girls looking for servant work in the Csejte Castle were disappearing. "Elizabeth Báthory: Mass Murderer or Victim?" Báthory moved to Castle Čachtice and, after some delays, gave birth to several children before Nádasdy died in 1604. There is a band named after, she has appeared in many films, and she has become a kind of sister or bride to Vlad himself. She is said to have suffered from A few of the testimonies claim Elizabeth ate the girls’ flesh. During the trial, Szentes and Ficko reported 36 and 37 victims respectively, during their periods of service. It seemed almost impossible to find the latter when this article was first written, but now a good few years later there is a small current. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/elizabeth-bathory-mass-murderer-or-victim-1221244. Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (or just Elizabeth Báthory, as she's come to be known colloquially), a Hungarian noblewoman who lived from 1560-1614, may have been the worst serial killer in world history, possibly torturing and killing as many as several hundred girls and young women. If they were virgins, she Robert Wilde is a historian who writes about European history. By the end of 1609, Elizabeth Báthory had established a gynaeceum, or etiquette school, for young noblewomen. Or, she may have "only" murdered a (comparatively) small number, the true scope of her atrocities having been obscured by legend ginned up by her family's enemies decades or even centuries after she died, according to Britannica. The alleged crimes were claimed to have taken place at Elizabeth’s estates across the region, and sometimes on the journey between them. Elizabeth Bathory Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed a Hungarian noblewoman and serial killer from the Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian) is recorded as being one of the most prolific serial killers in history, as documented by her entry in the Guinness Book of Records, and is estimated to have brutally tortured and killed … Robert Wilde. What did the Blood Countess do to her victims? Wilde, Robert. Elizabeth Bathory - The Blood Countess, The Čachtice Countess killed at least 80 victims between 1590 and 1609. Measure content performance. Create a personalised ads profile. Her body has since been moved to an unmarked grave, and the location of her final resting place remains unknown, according to Find A Grave. She has been labelled by Guinness World Records as the most prolific female murderer,though the precise number of her victims is debated. Her family was very influential, her cousin, Stephen Bathory was king of Poland between 1576 and 1586. Others were burned with hot irons. A large number of potential witnesses were questioned, and a range of testimonies gathered implicating Bathory in torture and murder. He was the heir to a rival Hungarian aristocratic family, and was widely viewed as a rising star of the nobility and, later, a leading war hero. According to Biographics, she may have opened the school due to mounting debts and the desire for income, or because she was running out of victims from peasant families. Wilde, Robert. Elizabeth Bathory, the woman who came to be known as the \"Blood Countess,\" was born into Hungarian nobility in 1560. All the while, she might not have done any of this at all. During the trial, Szentes and Ficko reported 36 and 37 victims … She has an action figure (well, at least one), involving blood, perfect for the fireplaces of the morbid. The act of accusing a wealthy widow of murder, witchcraft, or sexual impropriety to seize her lands was far from unusual during this period. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series. The highest … It may be that Bathory was a sadistic murderer, or that she was a simply a harsh mistress whose enemies turned against her. The servant claimed that she had overheard a court official mention having seen that figure in one of the countess's books. She was born on August 7th, 1560 and died on August 21st, 1614. That is, until the body count started including girls of noble birth rather than just peasants. Bathory sometimes tortured girls by driving needles into their fingers, cutting their noses or lips or whipping them with stinging nettles. The Hungarian authorities took some time to respond to Magyari's complaints. It could also be argued that Bathory’s position had become so strong thanks to her wealth and power, and a perceived threat to leaders of Hungary, that she was a problem who had to be removed. On December 30th, 1610, Báthory was arrested, and the Count claimed to have caught her in the act. Elizabeth Báthory was born on 7 th August 1560 into a family of the Protestant nobility in Hungary. Similarly, author László Nagy claimed in his book A rossz hírű Báthoryak ("The Infamous Báthory") that the countess had simply crossed the wrong people, due to her wealth and status, and that the criminal accusations against her were politically — and possibly religiously — motivated. Corpses were supposed to have been hidden in a variety of places—sometimes getting dug up by nosy dogs—but the most common method of disposal was to have bodies secretly buried in churchyards at night. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. She was well-educated, beautiful Her victims were mainly young girls. Facts about Elizabeth Bathory talk about one of the famous figures in Hungary. Select basic ads. Elizabeth Bathory was born in 1560 into one of the wealthiest families in Transylvania. By 1602, according to Kimberly L. Craft's book Infamous Lady: The True Story of Countess Erzsébet Báthory, rumors of the torture and murders of peasant girls, and even some young noble girls, and the possible involvement of Báthory, had reached the ears of King Matthias II. It wasn't until 1610 that the king sent a team to investigate. Infamous Lady: The True Story of Countess Erzsébet Báthory, Countess Dracula: The Life and Times of Elizabeth Báthory, the Blood Countess. This allowed Bathory’s estates to be saved from confiscation by the King of Hungary, thus not tipping the balance of power too much, and allowed the heirs—who petitioned, not for her innocence, but for their lands—to keep the wealth. Four of Bathory’s servants were tortured, tried, and three were found guilty and executed in 1611. Elizabeth Báthory is famed as the ‘Blood Countess,’ an Eastern European aristocrat who tortured and murdered over six hundred girls. Báthory Erzsébet was born on a family estate in Nyírbátor, Hungary, and spent her childhood at Ecsed Castle. Elizabeth herself was not put on trial, because of her family’s standing, but she was shut up in Csetje Castle, held in solitary confinement in a room whose windows were walled up. The Count Palatinate concluded that she had tortured and executed dozens of girls. For example, the number of Báthory's victims, allegedly as high as 650, may have been artificially inflated. Elizabeth Báthory will defend herself in front of you. Elizabeth would use more natural methods as well. The Myth of the “Blood Countess” Elizabeth Bathory Abridged from Female Serial Killers: How and Why Women Become Monsters by Peter Vronsky. Since many of her victims were poor girls whom few would miss and whose families had little legal recourse (and about whom Hungary's legal system didn't care a whit), and since she was a powerful aristocrat with political connections, she was able to commit her crimes with something approaching impunity, according to History. She had powerful connections, as her family had dominated Transylvania and her uncle had ruled Poland. If you've come here to learn more about Elizabeth Báthory, you might already know that this woman was a serial killer- but what you might not know is that she is one of the first female serial killers recorded in western history. Apply market research to generate audience insights. The claim was made second-hand by someone who wasn't actually there, and indeed, the evidence was never actually mentioned in the testimony of the man who supposedly saw it, according to Thorne in Countess Dracula. The case of Elizabeth Báthory inspired numerous stories during the 18th and 19th centuries. When the life drained out of her victims’ bodies (over six hundred of them), she did the same to their blood, so that she could ingest it. Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian, Alžbeta Bátoriová in Slovak ; 7 August 1560 – 21 August 1614) was a countess the noble Hungarian Báthory family. The exact number of Elizabeth Báthory’s victims is unknown, and even contemporary estimates differed greatly. History often muddles the narratives of what actually happened, especially when the people writing it aren't sympathetic to the main players. But King Matthias finally intervened because Bathory had begun finding victims among the daughters of local nobles. The claim was made second-hand by someone who wasn't actually there, and indeed, the evidence was never actually mentioned in the testimony of the man who supposedly saw it, according to Thorne in Countess Dracula . Sometimes, her victims were covered in honey, tied to a tree, and then mutilated by a swarm of insects. Nevertheless, she remains one of Europe’s most (in)famous criminals and has been adopted by modern vampire folklore. She was a sickly child, suffering from By October 1610 they had collected 5… The other defendants estimated a number of 50 or higher. And when local clergy refused to look the other way before burying the bodies, Báthory and her team would simply hide them in grain silos or throw them to the wolves, in the most literal possible sense. She was known as Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed. During the trial, Szentes and Ficko reported 36 and 37 victims respectively, during their periods of service. In those days, however, justice moved slowly, and the countess was, to a degree, shielded from public scrutiny due to her position and power. Who is Elizabeth Báthory? Some of the more repeatable tortures include sticking pins into the girls, tearing at their flesh with heated tongs, dousing/submerging them in freezing water and beating them, often on the soles of their feet. Select personalised ads. There was no official trial, even though the King of Hungary pushed for one, just the collection of several hundred statements. Use precise geolocation data. Hungarian Countess Elizabeth Báthory was a sixteenth century sadist. The list of atrocities allegedly committed by Báthory and her co-conspirators transcends just murder. Bram Stoker tipped his hat to Vlad Tepes in Dracula, and Elizabeth has also been adopted by modern horror culture as a figure of almost equal ghoulish importance. Elizabeth Báthory: Mass Murderer or Victim? You, the audience will be her jury. Countess Elizabeth Báthory de Ecsed (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian, Alžbeta Bátoriová in Slovak; 7 August 1560 – 21 August 1614) was a countess from the renowned Báthory family of Hungarian nobility. There are several reasons not to believe every last detail of every last allegation against the Hungarian countess, not the least of which is the fact that four centuries have passed between her crimes and the present day. (2020, August 27). Born to Baron George VI Báthory of the Ecsed in 1560, Elizabeth Báthory might as well have come out of the womb drinking blood.It's believed that Báthory suffered from epilepsy, a condition that would easily be inherited thanks to inbreeding in the Hungarian royal family, and one common treatment for seizures at the time involved rubbing blood into the skin of the afflicted. Over a 20-year period between 1590-1610, as many as 650 peasant and servant girls died at the hands of the countess and/or her co-conspirators, often dying following or during gruesome torture. Because she was a wealthy and powerful noblewoman, imprisoning her in a jail cell with common criminals would not do, and instead she was to be confined to her castle, a status roughly equivalent to the modern notion of house arrest. Her family controlled the territory of Transylvania and her uncle, Stefan Báthory, was king of Poland. our editorial process. Whatever the details might have been, Báthory spent the last four years of her life in the castle. How Many Victims Did Serial Killer Elizabeth Báthory Actually Have? She was 54 when she died there in 1614. Examples of the more skeptical, historical view are now filtering into common culture. She was found dead by a servant on the morning of August 21, 1614, at the age of 54. From lowly servant girls to high-ranking court officials, just about anyone who had the misfortune of being near the countess, and living to tell about it, was testifying that she killed, tortured, and/or mutilated dozens, if not hundreds, of victims. Countess Elizabeth Báthory (Báthory Erzsébet in Hungarian), 7 August 1560 – 21 August 1614, was a Hungarian countess from the renowned Báthory family. Death … Some were purportedly placed into a device not dissimilar to the famed "Iron Maiden," a sort of cabinet fitted with knives which would "embrace" its victims and stab them to death. Your collective decision, decided by a majority vote, will determine Báthory’s fate. Bathory is reputed to have killed at least six hundred victims, earning her a Guinness World Record for most prolific female murderer. Updated February 28, 2019. If that wasn’t enough to create a female version of GAME OF THRONES’ Ramsay Bolton, as a child Elizabeth Bathory suffered from epileptic seizures as well as extreme outbursts of rage, often directed towards whichever servant happened to be nearby. Elizabeth Báthory was a Hungarian noblewoman who was believed to be born between 1560 and 1561 in the Kingdom of Hungary. Her father was Báthory György of the Ecsed branch of the family, brother of Andrew Bonaventura Báthory, who had been Voivod of Transylvania, while her mother was Báthory Anna (1539–1570), daugh… A substantial debt owed by the King of Hungary to Báthory was waived in return for the family’s right to look after her while in prison. Although the number of murders is debated, she has been labeled the most prolific female serial killer in history and is remembered as the "Blood Countess." The exact number of Elizabeth Báthory’s victims is unknown, and even contemporary estimates differed greatly. 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